BBC Four’s history of the blues, Blues America, takes a fresh look at the music. Usually heard as the sound of racial suffering and personal misery, Blues America shows blues was a new style of black pop music that first took America, and then the world, by storm.
The blues is often described as primitive music born in the cotton fields of the Deep South. Blues America sees the men and women who first sang the blues as innovators, using the latest media to bring their music to the public. If they had one foot in the cotton field, the other was firmly planted in showbiz. This is the story of how the blues crossed borders – from black to white, from South to North, from weak to powerful.
Woke Up This Morning looks at minstrel and medicine shows as the academies of blues musicians at the beginning of the 20th century.
If blues began as a folk music, it was commercialised almost immediately. WC Handy, an educated black musician, was fascinated by the new, disreputable music he heard around him – the blues. Handy’s 'St Louis Blues' was a sheet music hit in 1914.
With the arrival of records in the 1920s, women singers like Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey, who developed their art in travelling tent shows, became the first blues recording stars. The film reveals that, initially, black women were more able than black men to sing the blues on their own terms.
Soon, record scouts brought guitarists like Blind Lemon Jefferson and Charlie Patton to the ears of black audiences. An intense blues style flourished around the cotton plantations and juke joints of the Mississippi Delta. The music was also recorded by a new kind of folklorist, such as John and Alan Lomax, who headed South, eager to take black folk music seriously as art. With the innovations of microphones and radio, blues singers such as Leroy Carr developed a subtler, smoother style.
By the 1930s, economic depression was driving tens of thousands of black Americans from rural poverty in the South to factory jobs in the North. The blues musicians heading for the cities, including Muddy Waters and Howlin’ Wolf, were about to change the world.
With contributions from
Keith Richards, Taj Mahal and Chuck D.
[
www.bbc.co.uk]